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''Stylops melittae'' is a species of the order Strepsiptera of flying insects, that parasitize various species of sand bees (Andrena).〔Christoph BLEIDORN, Fernand FEITZ, Nico SCHNEIDER, Christian VENNE: (''Zum Vorkommen von Stylops melittae Kirby, 1802 (Insecta, Strepsiptera) in Luxemburg'' ) Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 105 (2004) p. 137–142〕 == Biology == The female ''stylops melittae'' gives birth to a large number of living primary larvae, that are strewn upon blossoms. From there they can be delivered along with the pollen at the nest construction of the sand bees for which the species is specialized. In the nest construction the primary larvae penetrate into the host larvae and molt into exclusively endoparasitic secondary larvae. These roam about feeding in the host, and after a few further moltings establish themselves in the abdomen, and with their anterior portion break through between two abdominal segments of the host's skin, where they pupate. The exit point lays mostly between the 4th and 5th, more rarely between the 3rd and 4th, abdominal segment. There are substantially more females (77–92%) than males (2–23%).〔〔J. STRAKA, K. REZKOVA, J. BATELKA, L. KRATOCHVÍL: (''Early nest emergence of females parasitised by Strepsiptera in protandrous bees (Hymenoptera Andrenidae).'' ) Ethology Ecology & Evolution 23: 97–109, 2011〕〔M. Kuhlmann: (''Nachweise mit Bienen und Wespen (Hymenoptera Aculeata) assoziierter Milben (Acari) und Fächerflügler (Strepsiptera)'' ) Linzer biol. Beitr. 30/1 69-80 31.7.1998〕 The females remain all their lives in this puparium where they will be visited by the males for the purpose of copulation. Therefore, the females release a pheromone (3,5,9-trimethyldodecanal) produced by cephalothoracic gland and attract the males.〔(T. Tolasch, S. Kehl, S. Dötterl: ''First Sex Pheromone of the Order Strepsiptera: (3R,5R,9R)-3,5,9-Trimethyldodecanal in Stylops melittae Kirby, 1802.'' Journal of Chemical Ecology 38: 1493-1503, 2012 )〕 ''Stylops melitta'' can emerge in two generations, but most emerge in just one generation, so that stylops-infested sand bees are encountered mostly just in the early months of the year March through May. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stylops melittae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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